Final answer:
Diatomaceous earth, baking powder, and activated carbon are examples of adsorbents, materials that attract and hold other substances on their surfaces. Activated carbon is well-known for its ability to improve water quality by removing odors and tastes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Diatomaceous earth, baking powder, and activated carbon are examples of adsorbents. Adsorbents are materials that have surfaces capable of attracting and holding substances (adsorbates) via adsorption, which involves the adhesion of atoms, ions, or molecules from a gas, liquid, or dissolved solid to a surface. This process creates a film of the adsorbate on the surface of the adsorbent. Activated carbon is a notably powerful adsorbent, often used in water filtration to remove impurities such as undesirable odors and tastes. Diatomaceous earth, another adsorbent, also works mechanically to control pests and can be used as an absorbent. However, it's important to distinguish between adsorbents and absorbents, the latter of which incorporates materials into its bulk rather than just on the surface.