Final answer:
The Indian Constitution divides powers among three branches: the legislative branch makes laws, the executive branch executes and enforces laws, and the judicial branch interprets laws and ensures they are constitutional.
Step-by-step explanation:
Powers of the Three Branches of Government
The Indian Constitution establishes a separation of powers among the three branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial, each having distinct functions and powers. The Legislative branch is responsible for making laws, and includes bodies such as the Parliament in India, which consists of two houses - the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States). The Executive is tasked with implementing and executing the laws and is headed by the President of India, along with the Council of Ministers and the bureaucracy. Lastly, the Judicial branch interprets the laws, ensures they are in accordance with the constitution, and settles disputes. It is composed of various courts, with the Supreme Court of India at the apex.
Separation of powers is intended to provide a system of checks and balances, preventing any one branch from becoming too powerful. Each branch has specific powers; for example, while the legislative branch makes laws, the executive enforces them, and the judiciary interprets and adjudicates the law. However, there is some interdependency, as certain actions of one branch may require the cooperation or approval of another, ensuring a balance of power and mutual oversight among the branches.