Final answer:
The adrenal cortex is an outer layer of the adrenal gland, located atop the kidneys, and is divided into three zones responsible for producing different steroid hormones. It should appear lighter in color compared to the kidney when dissected.
Step-by-step explanation:
The adrenal cortex is the outer layer of the adrenal gland that produces a variety of steroid hormones. It's divided into three zones: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, which are important for salt and water balance. The zona fasciculata produces glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, which are involved in stress response and metabolism. Lastly, the zona reticularis produces androgens, which are precursors to sex hormones. The adrenal cortex can be visually identified due to its lighter color compared to the rest of the kidney when dissected, and it contains layers of epithelial cells with associated capillary networks.
Located atop the kidneys, the adrenal glands are comprised of the adenohypophysis and adrenal medulla. While the adrenal cortex is responsible for the production of corticosteroids and androgens, the adrenal medulla produces catecholamines, like epinephrine and norepinephrine. These distinct parts of the adrenal glands have specific functions and produce different hormones.