Final answer:
The Theory X and Theory Y style of management was the dominant way of conceptualizing leadership for a long time, but has now been largely discredited.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Theory X and Theory Y style of management, which combines scientific management and human relations, was the dominant way of conceptualizing leadership for a long time. However, it has now been largely discredited. In Theory X, managers assume that most people dislike work and prefer to be led and told what tasks to perform. Theory X managers rely on punishments and threats to achieve goals. On the other hand, Theory Y leaders have a more positive view of employees and believe that they can be self-directed and motivated to achieve organizational goals.