Final answer:
Leadership would be defined as charismatic leadership, focusing on the personal qualities and strengths of the leader, who emerges in times of crises and guides followers through extraordinary challenges.
Step-by-step explanation:
Researchers examining how Parrado managed to convince the survivors of the 1972 Andes plane crash to support the final expedition would likely define leadership in terms of charismatic leadership. Charismatic leaders gain their authority through personal qualities and strength, typically emerging during crises with innovative solutions and garnering extreme loyalty from their followers. They are often seen as being able to perform heroic deeds or 'miracles', providing a vision of order and safety in chaotic times.
The ability of a charismatic leader to inspire and motivate through personal traits - determination, confidence, communication - becomes crucial in severe situations such as the Andes plane crash. Parrado's success in leading the survivors required not only hope and a clear strategy but also the exploitation of his charismatic qualities to gain their trust and encourage their extraordinary endeavors during a time of existential despair.