Final answer:
If the living and working conditions during the Industrial Revolution had been better, the development and spread of socialism and communism might have been less pronounced, but these ideologies were largely a response to economic disparities and injustices, and Marxist critique of capitalism, hence likely inevitable.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the Industrial Revolution, workers experienced challenging living and working conditions, which in many ways catalyzed the rise of socialism and communism. If conditions had been better, it is possible that these ideologies might not have gained the same level of traction, but it is unlikely that they would have been averted entirely. The economic disparities and social injustices observed were profound driving forces for their emergence.
Additionally, Marxist ideology and its critical examination of capitalism's failings provided persuasive narratives that resonated with those experiencing the brunt of industrial capitalism's worst aspects. Marx predicted that the proletariat would rise and overthrow the bourgeois, leading to a classless society; however, the revolutions inspired by these ideas did not achieve the equality or economic success he envisioned.