Final answer:
To identify an unknown solid acid, conduct an acid-base titration by adding a base of known molarity to the acid until an indicator changes color, indicating neutralization. Calculate the acid's concentration using the volume of base added and stoichiometry.
Step-by-step explanation:
The identification of an unknown solid acid through acid-base titration involves several key steps. Initially, a measured volume of the unknown acid solution is placed into an Erlenmeyer flask. Add a few drops of an indicator, such as phenolphthalein, to the acid and swirl to mix. Next, fill a buret with a base of known molarity and carefully add it to the acid solution. Continue to add the base, while swirling the flask, until the indicator exhibits a color change, indicating the equivalence point has been reached. At this juncture, the amount of base added corresponds stoichiometrically to the amount of acid originally in the flask, allowing for the calculation of the acid's concentration using stoichiometry.
Additional experiments to understand various acid-base reactions can be performed by dissolving different pairs of salts in water, reacting sodium carbonate with hydrochloric acid, adding hydrochloric acid to sodium hydroxide with bromothymol blue until a color change occurs, and observing the reaction between zinc metal and copper sulfate solution.