Final answer:
The cognitive-transactional model of stress and coping suggests that our cognitive appraisal of a stressful event determines our emotional and behavioral response. This model includes two main types of coping strategies: problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cognitive-transactional model of stress and coping, as proposed by Lazarus and Folkman, suggests that our cognitive appraisal of a stressful event, rather than the event itself, determines our emotional and behavioral response to the stressor. According to this model, when we perceive a situation as stressful, we engage in cognitive appraisals to evaluate the significance of the stressor and assess our available coping resources. These appraisals then guide our choice of coping strategies.
There are two main types of coping strategies in this model: problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping. Problem-focused coping involves actively addressing the problem and trying to change the situation, while emotion-focused coping focuses on managing the emotional distress associated with the stressor. The choice of coping strategy depends on the perceived controllability of the stressor.