Final answer:
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is the narrowing of arteries due to atherosclerosis, often causing leg pain when walking and potentially leading to severe cardiovascular events if not treated. Risk factors include smoking, diabetes, and high blood pressure. Diagnosis involves blood pressure tests and managing PAD is crucial for preventing further cardiovascular diseases.
Step-by-step explanation:
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is a medical condition characterized by the narrowing of the peripheral arteries, most commonly in the legs, due to atherosclerosis. This narrowing leads to a reduction in blood flow which can cause symptoms such as leg pain when walking, known as intermittent claudication. This pain typically resolves with rest. PAD can also present with skin ulcers, bluish skin, cold skin, or poor nail and hair growth on the affected limb. It is crucial to diagnose PAD because the atherosclerosis causing it could potentially lead to more severe conditions, including a heart attack.
Key risk factors for developing PAD include smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, and high blood cholesterol. Diagnosis often involves comparing blood pressure readings between the ankle and the upper arm. Early diagnosis and treatment of PAD are imperative to manage the underlying atherosclerotic process effectively and prevent other cardiovascular diseases.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally, with PAD being an integral part of this group of illnesses, alongside coronary artery disease and stroke. Therefore, managing PAD is a critical aspect of reducing fatalities from these diseases.