Final answer:
The correct answers are a) Pure Food and Drug Act and b) Meat Inspection Act, both crucial early 20th century laws that regulated the food and drug industries to protect public health.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Pure Food and Drug Act was necessary because some medicines contained unlisted and dangerous ingredients. The Meat Inspection Act was important because it stopped meat packers from including meat from diseased animals in processed meat for sale. These pieces of legislation were part of the early 20th century Progressive Era reforms, with the goal of ensuring product safety and public health. The Pure Food and Drug Act led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration, which required drug makers to list ingredients and regulate the use of narcotics to protect consumers. Similarly, the Meat Inspection Act established guidelines requiring federal meat inspectors to be present at all stages of production and promoted sanitation standards within the meatpacking industry.