Final answer:
The strongest reducing agent among the given options is D. Ca⁺², as it is the most inclined to lose electrons to achieve the stable electron configuration of an inert gas. The correct option is D.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine the strongest reducing agent from the given options, we need to consider which species is most likely to lose electrons (be oxidized). Here are the options:
- (A) Cl⁻¹
- (B) Ne
- (C) Na⁺¹
- (D) Ca⁺²
Neon (B) is a noble gas and will not act as a reducing agent because it has a full valence shell and is not inclined to lose or gain electrons. Chloride (A) is already in a reduced form, so it will not act as a reducing agent easily. Sodium ion (C) has already lost its outermost electron, so it is less inclined to be oxidized again.
Calcium ion (D) has two positive charges and readily donates electrons to return to the stable configuration of an inert gas, making it the strongest reducing agent among these options. Therefore, the answer is D. (Ca⁺²). The correct option is D.