Final answer:
The two primary models of motor learning are observational learning, where individuals learn by imitation, underpinned by mirror neurons, and associative learning models, which include classical and operant conditioning, establishing associations between stimuli and actions or consequences.
Step-by-step explanation:
In motor learning, two primary models often referenced are the observational learning model and the associative learning model, which includes classical and operant conditioning. Observational learning is where individuals learn by watching others and imitating their actions. The process of observational learning involves four essential steps: attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. This form of learning relies on mirror neurons that activate when an individual performs an action or when they observe someone else performing that action.
Classical conditioning involves forming an association between a neutral stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus that already produces a response. On the other hand, operant conditioning involves forming associations between a behavior and a consequence. Depending on whether the consequence is reinforcing or punishing, the behavior may become more or less likely to occur.
Together, these models offer a comprehensive understanding of how motor skills and behaviors can be acquired and refined through different forms of learning. It is important to also consider the prosocial and antisocial effects of observational learning, as behaviors learned through this process can influence everyday practical living and development.