Final answer:
The requirements for gaining informed consent include disclosure, capacity, and voluntariness. Disclosure involves communicating all necessary information about the study, capacity ensures the client can understand this information, and voluntariness asserts that consent is given without coercion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The requirements for gaining informed consent from a client include disclosure, capacity, and voluntariness. Disclosure means that all necessary information regarding the study or treatment must be clearly provided to the client, including potential risks and benefits. Capacity refers to the client's ability to understand the information provided and make a knowledgeable decision, while voluntariness ensures that the client freely consents to participate without any form of coercion or undue influence. The correct option that defines these requirements is b) Disclosure, capacity and voluntariness.
Principles such as respect for subjects' privacy and the principle of autonomy emphasize the need for informed consent to protect participants from exploitation and to preserve their right to self-determination. As such, participants must not only give consent but must do so on an informed basis after having understood all aspects of what their participation entails.
In cases involving children, informed consent is typically obtained from their parents or legal guardians, as children are not deemed competent to provide consent for themselves. This ensures that the rights and well-being of underage participants are adequately safeguarded.