Final answer:
The passage refers to the process by which Congress can propose Amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which become valid when ratified by three-fourths of the states.
Step-by-step explanation:
The text given refers to the process of amending the United States Constitution. The correct answer to the student's question is A) Amendments. Article V of the Constitution specifies that Congress, with a two-thirds majority in both houses, can propose amendments to the Constitution.
These proposed amendments then require ratification by three-fourths of the state legislatures or by conventions in three-fourths of the states to become part of the Constitution. The passage emphasizes the formal process that keeps the Constitution a living document, able to be modified through established procedures to reflect the will of the people and evolving societal values over time.