Final answer:
Neurons are interconnected through synapses, where dendrites and axons facilitate the transmission of signals using neurotransmitters. Synaptic connections strengthen with use, contributing to the nervous system's capacity for learning and complexity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Neurons are linked to other neurons by networks of nerve fibers called synapses. Neurons are specialized cells in the nervous system with long extensions called dendrites and axons. Dendrites receive incoming signals from other neurons, while the axon transmits the signal to other nerve or muscle cells. The signals are transmitted via the axon, meeting other neurons at synapses where neurotransmitters are released to bridge the gap between neurons without direct contact and cause activation of the post-synaptic cell.
The nervous system's complexity and its ability to learn are attributed to the way signals are integrated across these numerous synapses, strengthening synaptic connections with use. These vital communications between neurons underpin all nervous system functions, from simple reflexes to complex cognitive tasks.