Final answer:
In biology, the conversion of DNA to protein is achieved through transcription and translation, with the sequence of nucleotides in DNA determining the order of amino acids in a protein.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of converting DNA to protein involves two main steps: transcription and translation, which are collectively known as protein synthesis. During transcription, the genetic information stored in DNA is copied to messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA then serves as a template for protein production during the translation phase. The sequence of nucleotide bases in mRNA dictates the order in which amino acids are assembled to form a protein. Each group of three mRNA bases, or a codon, corresponds to a specific amino acid. In this intricate process, the cellular machinery reads the mRNA and assembles the protein with the correct sequence of amino acids, adhering to the instructions encoded in the original DNA.