Final answer:
Aristotle maintained that leading a fulfilled human life requires developing virtues, or excellence of character. Eudaimonia, which signifies flourishing or happiness, is achieved through living virtuously and exercising reason, while also taking into account other aspects of life, such as friendships and success.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Aristotle, what is necessary to lead a fulfilled human life is developing virtues. Aristotle's concept of eudaimonia, often translated as happiness or flourishing, is achieved through virtuous development, which is the transformation and perfection of character in accordance with reason. Eudaimonia is considered the highest good, and living virtuously is central to attaining it. However, Aristotle also recognized that other external factors like friendships and success play a role in a flourishing life.
Aristotle identified rationality as the unique function of human beings, and human virtue or excellence is therefore realized through the development or perfection of reason. To exercise or possess virtue is to embody excellent character, which involves finding the mean between the vices of deficiency and excess. Practicing what is right leads to better decision-making in various situations, thereby contributing to one's eudaimonia.
In addition to the cultivation of virtues, eudaimonia, according to Aristotle, benefits us in dealing with life's misfortunes. Virtuous development helps form a character that is consistent, firm, self-controlled, and well-off, promoting personal flourishing and stability in the face of adversity.