Final answer:
i) To calculate the number of moles of CO₂ produced from the combustion of 25 g of propane (C₃H₈), follow these steps:
1. Find the molar mass of propane (44.09 g/mol) and divide it by the molar mass of carbon (12.01 g/mol) to get the number of moles of carbon in 25 g of propane.
2. Multiply the number of moles of carbon by the mole ratio between CO₂ and carbon in the balanced equation to get the number of moles of CO₂ produced.
Number of moles of CO₂ = Number of moles of carbon × Mole ratio between CO₂ and carbon in the balanced equation
Number of moles of CO₂ = 0.567 mol × 3 mol CO₂ / mol C₃H₈ = 1.701 mol
ii) To calculate the mass of oxygen required to completely react with 25 g of propane, follow these steps:
1. Find the molar mass of oxygen (32.00 g/mol) and divide it by the volume (in liters) to get the number of moles of oxygen.
2. Multiply the number of moles by the equivalent factor for oxygen (1:1) and the molarity of sodium hydroxide (1 M) to get the number of moles required.
3. Multiply the number of moles by the molar mass of oxygen to get the mass required.
Mass of O₂ = Molar mass × Number of moles / Molarity × Equivalent factor for O₂ × 1,000 g/L
Explaination:
In this reaction, hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form water (H₂O) and sodium chloride (NaCl). The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
To calculate the number of moles or mass required for a specific volume or concentration, we need to follow these steps:
i) Find the molarity or volume for one reactant. Then, find the number of moles or volume for the other reactant using their equivalent factors and mole ratios in the balanced equation. Finally, calculate the mass using their respective molar masses. For example:
Number of moles or volume for one reactant → Number of moles or volume for other reactant using their equivalent factors and mole ratios in the balanced equation → Calculate mass using their respective molar masses. Ii) Find the volume or concentration for one reactant. Then, find the volume or concentration for the other reactant using their mole ratios in the balanced equation. Finally, calculate the mass using their respective volumes or concentrations and their respective densities or molar masses. For example:
Volume or concentration for one reactant → Volume or concentration for other reactant using their mole ratios in the balanced equation → Calculate mass using their respective volumes or concentrations and their respective densities or molar masses.