Final answer:
Both meiosis and mitosis begin with a single round of DNA replication during interphase, but they result in different products. So, correct answer is (C).
Step-by-step explanation:
Meiosis and mitosis have several similarities, the most notable of which is that both processes are preceded by one cycle of DNA replication during interphase. In both meiosis and mitosis, this replication results in the duplication of chromosomes, which is essential for the following division stages.
However, the outcomes of the two processes are significantly different. Mitotic divisions result in two daughter nuclei that are genetically identical to the parent cell and are considered diploid, containing the same number of chromosome sets as the original cell.
On the other hand, meiotic divisions involve two nuclear divisions, leading to four daughter nuclei that are genetically distinct and haploid, with only one set of chromosomes. This genetic variation is fundamental to sexual reproduction, with meiosis producing gametes (reproductive cells), and fertilization occurring when two haploid gametes merge to form a diploid organism.
Both meiosis and mitosis involve similar mechanisms, including the separation of chromosomes and the division of the cell's nucleus, yet they serve different purposes in the life cycle of an organism.