Question

Which goal does Hezbollah, Hamas, and the Taliban share?

a) Establish an Islamic state
b) Gain political power in their respective regions
c) Resist what they perceive as foreign occupation
d) Promote their interpretation of Islamic governance

Answer 1

The Islamic world began to fragment due to political devolution and the desire for different factions and dynasties to gain power and promote their own interpretation of Islamic governance.

Step-by-step explanation:

The Islamic world began to fragment along political and religious lines primarily because different factions and dynasties sought to gain political power in their respective regions and promote their own interpretation of Islamic governance.

This process, known as political devolution, involved local authorities taking over powers once assumed by a centralized state. Dynasties in North Africa and Spain, such as the Idrisids and Aghlabids, drifted away from Abbasid control. Persian and Turkic dynasties in the eastern fringes openly contested the authority of Abbasid Caliphate.

Furthermore, the ulama class emerged within Sunni Islam during the Abbasid period and acquired more power and authority, diminishing the religious role of the caliph. This shift in power dynamics also contributed to the fragmentation along religious lines.