The correct statement is that B cells produce specific antibodies in a humoral response. Cytotoxic T cells attack infected cells as part of the cell-mediated immune response, not the humoral response, and do not produce antibodies.
Among the statements provided about the immune response, the accurate description is that B cells produce specific antibodies in a humoral response. Cytotoxic T cells, also known as TC or Tc cells, play a key role in the cell-mediated immune response by attacking and destroying infected cells; however, they do not produce antibodies nor are they part of the humoral response. The humoral immune response is characterized by B cells that, upon activation, differentiate into plasma cells which then produce antibodies designed to target antigens found in the extracellular environment. These antibodies play a crucial role in identifying and neutralizing pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.
Cytotoxic T cells contribute to the cell-mediated response by identifying and destroying host cells that are infected with intracellular pathogens, such as viruses, before these pathogens can replicate and spread. This is critical for controlling infections that have managed to enter host cells, which are beyond the reach of antibodies. A key aspect of this response is the direct engagement and destruction of infected cells, rather than the production of antibodies.