Final answer:
Geology has a robust interaction with all four spheres of the Earth — the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. These interactions are evidenced by processes like the water cycle, mountain formation, and climate effects like the greenhouse effect. Geological events such as asteroid impacts further influence the biosphere and life's evolution.
Step-by-step explanation:
Interactions of Geology with World Spheres
Geology significantly interacts with various spheres of the Earth, not just the lithosphere. The correct answer to this question is (c) Geology interacts with the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. Through the physical processes such as tectonic plate movements, volcanic eruptions, and erosion, geology influences the solid earth (lithosphere), the water bodies (hydrosphere), the air around us (atmosphere), and even living organisms (biosphere).
Examples include:
- The water cycle, which demonstrates interactions among the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and lithosphere.
- The formation of mountains and valleys reshaping the Earth’s surface through tectonic activity.
- The greenhouse effect, which shows the interaction of geological processes and atmospheric composition.
In addition, geological events can have profound effects on the biosphere, influencing the evolution of life itself, as seen in events like asteroid impacts causing mass extinctions.