Final answer:
The effects of liberalism on Filipinos can be both positive, such as advocating for individual rights and limited government, and negative, like potential environmental degradation due to globalization. Liberalism influences the country's democratic environment and educational systems, showing positive impacts on personal freedoms and negative effects on social equity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The effects of liberalism on Filipinos' ways of life, intellect, and emotions can be considered to be both positive and negative, thus the most fitting answer would be 'C. Both'. On the positive side, liberalism has advocated for individual rights, limited government, and the notion that each individual should have the opportunity to realize their full potentialities, aligning with the ideas of philosophers like John Rawls. This has led to increased freedoms and a nurturing environment for the spirit of entrepreneurship and democracy.
On the downside, liberalism, particularly when associated with globalization and trade liberalization, has had negative effects as well. The opening of markets may lead to environmental degradations and job losses in certain sectors due to competition with international markets. Critics argue that globalization may also concentrate wealth rather than distributing it equally, which can have detrimental impacts on social equity and local economies.
Furthermore, the liberal-classical versus vocational-technical (industrial) education debate has shaped the educational system in the Philippines by emphasizing different values and skills. The liberal approach focuses on broad intellectual development, while the technical approach emphasizes immediate job-preparedness. Both have implications for the workforce and societal roles that individuals may occupy.