Final answer:
The chess player moved 2 squares to the right and 1 square down on the chessboard.
Step-by-step explanation:
The translation made by the chess player from the location (3, 2) to (5, 1) on the chessboard can be determined by finding the change in the x-coordinate and the change in the y-coordinate. In this case, the change in the x-coordinate is 5 - 3 = 2, and the change in the y-coordinate is 1 - 2 = -1. Therefore, the translation made is 2 squares to the right and 1 square down.