Final answer:
The jute textile industry of India faces historical challenges from British industrial dominance and contemporary issues like competition, outdated machinery, and environmental concerns, necessitating modernization and sustainability efforts.
Step-by-step explanation:
The jute textile industry of India has encountered several challenges. Historically, the advent of the Calico Acts and the British dominance in textile technology led to the deindustrialization of India's textile sector. British textiles inundated the Indian market, making it difficult for local weavers to compete. In contemporary times, the industry struggles with competition from synthetic alternatives and face issues related to antiquated machinery and inefficient manufacturing processes.
Moreover, environmental concerns, such as the high demand for water and the use of pesticides in cotton cultivation, present challenges for sustainable growth. The eastern region's economic lag and Kolkata's outdated factories further aggravate the industry's struggle to stay afloat. To remain competitive, Indian jute textile producers must invest in modernizing manufacturing techniques and explore sustainable practices.