Final answer:
The power to establish a national bank is classified under implied powers. Maryland imposed a tax on the national bank, leading to McCulloch v. Maryland, where the Supreme Court upheld the establishment of the bank as an implied power of Congress.
Step-by-step explanation:
The power to establish a national bank falls under the category of implied powers, as determined by the Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland in 1819. The action by the state of Maryland that led to this landmark case was the imposition of a tax on the Second Bank of the United States, which was a high tax aimed to give preference to state chartered banks. Maryland's attempt to collect the tax from the national bank was seen as the government infringing upon the states' constitutional jurisdiction.
The Supreme Court, under Chief Justice John Marshall, ultimately ruled that Congress had the authority to charter a national bank based on the necessary and proper clause of the Constitution, thus supporting the concept of implied powers and asserting the supremacy of federal law over state actions that interfere with legitimate federal operations.