Final answer:
The two main scales to which the concept of region is applied are the formal region, characterized by official boundaries and homogeneity, and the functional region, defined by its function and the strength of connections which diminish with distance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two main scales to which the concept of region is applied in geography are the formal region and the functional region.
A formal region is defined by officially recognized boundaries and is characterized by a high level of homogeneity in certain factors such as language, climate or political system. Examples of formal regions include countries, states, and cities.
A functional region, on the other hand, is defined by its function or connection rather than its physical boundaries. This type of region is organized around a focal point, and the strength of connection diminishes with distance. Examples include the area served by a particular service, like a delivery area for a local business or the catchment area of a river system.
Additionally, there are perceptual regions, which are based on human feelings and attitudes about areas, making them more subjective.