Final answer:
Neolithic humans used familiar materials like wood, clay, hides, and stone in new ways such as using clay to paint walls, exemplifying the innovative use of materials to compensate for resource scarcity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Throughout history, humans have adapted to the scarcity of resources in various ways. For instance, during the Neolithic period, they began using stone tools to facilitate agricultural practices, including making grinding tools and axes for chopping and cutting. The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture was a critical step in human development as it allowed for more permanent settlements and the eventual rise of civilizations.
Neolithic humans creatively used familiar materials such as wood to build plows, clay to create pottery, hides for clothing, and stone for tools, transforming their way of life. This question specifically relates to how Neolithic humans used existing materials in new ways. The correct example of this would be B. Clay to paint walls, as it signifies a use of material for aesthetic and/or cultural purposes beyond its utilitarian function.