Final answer:
Matthews Hamabata had a problem with cultural adaptation during his fieldwork in Japan, which involves the complexity of adjusting to new cultural norms and understanding the diverse perspectives within a society. Therefore, the correct option is d. Cultural Adaptation.
Step-by-step explanation:
During his fieldwork in Japan, Matthews Hamabata encountered problems with cultural adaptation. Cultural adaptation refers to the process of adjusting to a new culture and its practices, which can be challenging for researchers conducting fieldwork in foreign environments. When immersing oneself in a different culture, there can be issues relating to language barriers, social norms, and sociocultural conflicts. For instance, researchers need to navigate complex social practices, overcome language barriers, and understand multiple perspectives within the society to avoid bias in their fieldwork.
Over time, the process of cultural change and adaptation has also influenced various societies, such as the migrants of Kurung Kumey, who experience shifts in family structure, food consumption, dress, language use, and other cultural aspects due to rural-urban migration. Moreover, contemporary anthropologists recognize the complexity and dynamism within cultures, often conducting research across different subgroups to obtain a comprehensive view. In conclusion, while the excerpt from the question does not specifically state Hamabata's fieldwork challenge, the context provided suggests that cultural adaptation was the critical issue he faced. Therefore, the correct option in the final part of his problem was cultural adaptation.