Final answer:
The calculation for the limiting reagent and related quantities cannot be completed due to insufficient data regarding the mass of HCl (HCl mass is labeled 'n g').
Step-by-step explanation:
The question involves determining the limiting reagent, calculating the amount of unreacted substance left, finding the volume of CO2 produced at NTP (Normal Temperature and Pressure), and calculating the mass of the NaOH solution required to absorb the CO2. However, due to lack of sufficient data, specifically the amount of HCl used (labeled as 'n g' in the question), it is not possible to determine the limiting reagent or perform subsequent calculations accurately.
For a proper calculation, one would need the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of Ca(OH)2 with HCl, and then use stoichiometry to find the limiting reagent, handle the excess reagent, calculate the volume of CO2 produced, and determine the mass of NaOH solution needed to absorb the CO2. Without the exact mass of HCl, these calculations cannot be completed.