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The elements sodium and chlorine react together to form the compound sodium chloride, which has a giant ionic lattice structure. Choose the correct statements:

a. Sodium and chlorine have what types of structures?
b. Explain how the ions are held together in the crystal lattice of sodium chloride.
c. Draw diagrams to show the arrangement of electrons in a sodium ion and a chloride ion.
d. Make a table showing the properties of sodium, chlorine, and sodium chloride.

User Jicaar
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Final answer:

Sodium (a metal) and chlorine (a nonmetal) react to form the ionic compound sodium chloride (NaCl), which has a giant ionic lattice structure with alternating Na+ and Cl− ions held together by electrostatic forces. Ions in sodium chloride crystal lattice have oppositely charged neighbors, resulting in the compound's properties which are vastly different from its elemental constituents. A comparison table outlines the properties of sodium, chlorine, and sodium chloride

Step-by-step explanation:

Understanding Sodium Chloride Formation

The reaction between sodium and chlorine results in the formation of sodium chloride (NaCl), a compound with a giant ionic lattice structure.

a. Structures of Sodium and Chlorine

Pure sodium is a metal with a soft and silvery-white appearance, and chlorine is a nonmetal forming a yellow-green gas. Sodium and chlorine have atomic structures that enable sodium to lose an electron easily and chlorine to gain an electron, leading to the formation of Na+ cations and Cl− anions.

b. Ionic Bonding in Sodium Chloride

In sodium chloride, ions are held together by electrostatic attraction in a regular three-dimensional array known as a crystal lattice. Each sodium ion (Na+) is surrounded by six chloride ions (Cl−), and each chloride ion is similarly surrounded by six sodium ions.

c. Electron Arrangement in Ions

As a sodium ion, Na+ has lost its outermost electron, resulting in a stable electronic arrangement with a positive charge. Conversely, a chloride ion, Cl−, has gained an extra electron, completing its valence shell and resulting in a negative charge.

d. Comparative Properties Table

  • Sodium: Soft, silvery-white metal, vigorous reaction with water and air.
  • Chlorine: Yellow-green gas, corrosive, toxic.
  • Sodium Chloride: White, crystalline, essential to life, dissolves in water without reacting vigorously.
User James Strieter
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