Final answer:
The Magna Carta was a document signed in 1215 in England that established the relationship between the king and the nobles, limiting the monarchy's power. It guaranteed trial by jury and due process, and protected the rights of citizens. The Magna Carta codified principles of due process and affirmed the church's position above the state.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Magna Carta, also known as the Great Charter, was a document signed in 1215 in England. It established the relationship between the king and the nobles, and placed limits on the monarchy's power. The Magna Carta guaranteed the right to trial by jury and due process for the nobles, which helped to develop a clearer legal system and protect the rights of England's citizens.
One specific fact is that the Magna Carta codified the principles of due process, stating that a free man could not be penalized unless his peers had made a lawful judgment against him. This concept was later adopted in the United States' own constitution. Another fact is that the Magna Carta affirmed the papal position that the church was above the state and should have its rights and liberties protected. Additionally, the Magna Carta established the principle that no free man shall be seized or imprisoned, stripped of his rights or possessions, outlawed or exiled, or deprived of his standing in any way, except by the lawful judgment of his equals.