Final answer:
The ancient Greek who made significant contributions to the understanding and use of the lever and pulley was Archimedes. His work on these simple machines has had a lasting impact on engineering and physics.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ancient Greek who developed an understanding of the use of the lever and pulley was Archimedes, option B. Archimedes was renowned for his contributions to mathematics, physics, engineering, and invention. He made significant advancements in the field of statics and invented the Archimedean screw to raise water for irrigation and other purposes. His work on levers led to the famous quotation, "Give me a place to stand on, and I will move the Earth." Archimedes' understanding of the principles of the lever made it possible to move large objects with minimal force, which was pivotal in the development of machines and mechanisms throughout history.