Final answer:
Global businesses can access funds through bank loans, foreign direct investment, export financing, and stock issuance. Bank loans offer control but require repayment, whereas stock issuance raises capital without debt but dilutes ownership. Hence the correct answer is all the options.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sources of funds available to global businesses include bank loans, foreign direct investment (FDI), export financing, and stock issuance.
Bank loans provide funds to businesses, which the businesses must repay along with interest over a period of time. However, firms maintain control over their operations and are not subject to shareholders.
Foreign direct investment involves investing in a firm in another country or starting a new enterprise abroad. For example, when the Belgian company InBev purchased Anheuser-Busch, they engaged in FDI by converting their currency to U.S. dollars to complete the transaction.
Export financing assists businesses in funding the export of their goods and services, often facilitated by governmental organizations or special export-import banks to encourage foreign trade.
Stock issuance is a method of raising capital by selling shares of the company to the public, which dilutes ownership but does not require repayment like bank loans or bonds.