Question

What is absolutely required for the formation of a biofilm?

Answer 1

A substrate, conditioning film, expression of phenotypes, interaction with appendages, and development of a matrix are required for the formation of a biofilm.

Step-by-step explanation:

For a biofilm to form, several factors are required:

1. A substrate or surface to attach to
2. A conditioning film of organic material on the surface
3. Expression of new phenotypes by the cells that facilitate the formation of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS)
4. Interaction between appendages such as fimbriae, pili, and flagella with the EPS
5. Development of a mature biofilm with an extensive matrix and water channels

These requirements allow the biofilm to become a complex community of microorganisms that are more robust and resistant to antibiotics and disinfectants compared to free-floating cells.