Answer:
General defenses are the first line of defense and are collectively called: the Innate Immune System. This system is called "innate" because it is genetically encoded, the traits that protect us from infections can efficiently be transmitted to our offspring.The innate immune system recognizes molecular structures that are produced by pathogenic microorganisms. Microbial substances that stimulate innate immunity are often shared by different classes of microbes and are called molecular patterns associated with pathogenic microorganisms
Step-by-step explanation:
The first defenses that external agents face when trying to penetrate the body are totally nonspecific and are made up of the anatomical, physical, chemical or biological barriers characteristic of each location, while some, such as temperature, are systemic. Between all they make up innate immunity. The importance of these barriers is reflected in the ease with which infections are acquired when one of them fails. Innate cell recognition systems are based on surface or intracellular proteins of epithelial cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells and on soluble cytoplasmic receptors. All these receptors are generally called PRRs (Pattern Recognition Receptors) and bind to PAMPs (Pathogen-associated Molecular Patterns) molecules expressed only by the pathogen (bacterial lipopolysaccharides, carbohydrates and lipoproteins, peptidoglycans, RNA, DNA, etc.). Innate immunity constitutes a less evolved and specific defense than the adaptive one, since the same mechanism (cells, soluble factors, etc.) acts against different agents. Furthermore, repeated exposures to a foreign molecule or agent elicit a similar response and with the same intensity in all of them; that is, it lacks immune memory. The fact that it is a less evolved and specific response is compensated by its speed, since it occurs in hours, and because its intensity is not linked to a previous contact with the foreign agent. Furthermore, its action is essential for the subsequent development of the adaptive immune defense, to which the agent must be exposed once these barriers have been overcome.