Final answer:
The correct option is c) The availability heuristic.
In games of chance, betting more against a nervous opponent is an example of an illusion of control, where players feel they have greater influence over random outcomes. The availability heuristic also influences this behavior when players recall instances where nervousness correlated with poor performance.
Step-by-step explanation:
In games of chance, such as rolling dice, people betting more when playing against a nervous opponent compared to a confident one is an example of an illusion of control. This phenomenon refers to the belief that one can influence outcomes that are, in fact, largely or entirely random. When facing a nervous opponent, individuals may believe that their opponent's lack of confidence can be exploited to their benefit, leading them to bet more, under the false notion that they have greater control over the outcome than they actually do.
The availability heuristic also plays a role here, as people might recall instances where someone's nervousness correlated with poor performance, and thus, they assume that the pattern will continue. However, this overlooks the fact that each game of chance is independent of previous games, and an opponent's emotional state has no impact on the randomness of the outcome.