Final answer:
The steady-state theory is contradicted by the Hubble Law, cosmic redshift, the observed expansion of the universe, the evidence of younger distant galaxies, and the cosmic microwave background radiation; all of which support the Big Bang theory.
Step-by-step explanation:
Evidence contradicting the steady-state theory comes from several astronomical observations that do not align with the core tenets of the theory, which posits a universe that is unchanging over time. Notable pieces of evidence include:
- The Hubble Law (a), which describes the relationship between the distances of galaxies and their recessional velocity, indicating that the universe is expanding.
- The cosmic redshift (b), which is observed when the spectral lines of light from distant galaxies shift towards the red end of the spectrum, suggesting that these galaxies are moving away from us.
- The expansion of the universe (c), which is a direct observation that contradicts the concept of a steady-state universe as it indicates that galaxies are actually moving apart over time.
- The younger age of distant galaxies (d), suggests that the universe has gone through different stages and has not always been the same, unlike what is proposed by the steady-state theory.
- The cosmic microwave background radiation (e), which is the relic radiation from the Big Bang, provides a snapshot of the universe when it was very young and is consistent with the universe having a finite beginning.
Each of these elements offers substantial refutation of the steady-state model, collectively pointing towards the Big Bang as a more accurate description of the origin and evolution of the universe.