Final answer:
The belief that one's race or culture is superior is known as racial superiority. This has led to Anglo-Saxon supremacy influencing the treatment of various ethnic groups in America, intertwined with national policies and resulting in institutional racism.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for the belief that one's race or culture is superior to another is racial superiority. This concept has significantly impacted the treatment of various ethnic groups by Anglo Americans throughout American history. In the context of American expansionism, figures like Josiah Strong advocated that Anglo-Saxons had a divine duty to bring their perceived higher standards of liberty and Christianity to what they considered less enlightened races. This belief in Anglo-Saxon supremacy was often intertwined with national policies and actions, such as the displacement of Native Americans, enslavement of African peoples, and discriminatory treatment towards other ethnic groups like the Chinese and Japanese in America.
Historically, the justification for such actions was rooted in a set of attitudes and practices that claimed racial or cultural superiority. This is aligned with concepts like ethnocentrism, where one's culture is used as the standard to judge others, and institutional racism, where such prejudice is entrenched within societal institutions. The long-term effects of these ideologies have contributed to ongoing racial inequality and systemic issues in America.