Final answer:
John Marshall served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for 34 years and strengthened the power of the federal government and the Court by establishing the principle of judicial review.
Step-by-step explanation:
John Marshall served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for 34 years and strengthened the power of the federal government and the Court by establishing the principle of judicial review. In the landmark case Marbury v. Madison (1803), Marshall asserted that the Court had the power to review and potentially invalidate actions of Congress and the President that were deemed unconstitutional. This principle of judicial review remains a crucial aspect of the Court's authority and ability to check the other branches of government.