Final answer:
The regulation of blood sugar levels after a meal is achieved through a negative feedback loop involving the hormones insulin and glucagon, which work to maintain glucose levels within the normal range.
Step-by-step explanation:
Blood sugar levels increase after a meal and then return to normal. This constant correction is accomplished by a negative feedback loop involving hormones produced by the pancreas. These hormones, primarily insulin and glucagon, work together to maintain blood glucose concentration within a normal range, typically between 70 to 110 mg/dL.
When blood sugar levels are elevated after a meal, the beta cells of the pancreas release insulin, which helps lower blood sugar levels by enhancing glucose uptake by cells and converting excess glucose to glycogen in the liver. Conversely, when blood sugar levels are low, the alpha cells of the pancreas secrete glucagon, leading to the breakdown of glycogen to glucose, which increases blood sugar levels. This intricate balance keeps blood glucose levels stable and is crucial for overall health.
In summary, the body's ability to regulate blood sugar is a prime example of homeostasis, a vital biological process that maintains internal stability.