Final answer:
Peninsulares and insulares, who belonged to the highest social ranks of colonial Latin American society and not the middle class, are the correct answer to which ones did not belong to the clase media or middle class.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question, "Which ones did not belong to the clase media or middle class?" is looking to identify which of the provided options were not part of the colonial Latin American middle class. Peninsulares and insulares were those born in Spain and the Canary Islands, respectively, and typically held the highest ranks in colonial society, including government, military, and clerical offices. They were not part of the middle class but rather the elite ruling class. The ilustrados and Spanish mestizos often had higher social standing than native or mixed populations, but they were not typically considered as high in status as the peninsulares and insulares. Barangay captains were indigenous leaders recognized by the Spanish colonial government and could be considered middle class, along with their relatives within the community structure.
In this context, the ones that did not belong to the clase media or middle class were the peninsulares and insulares (option c). Therefore, the correct answer to the student's question is c. Peninsulares and insulares.