Final answer:
The process of introducing impurities into silicon to alter its electrical properties is known as doping. This process can create n-type or p-type semiconductors, which are crucial in the manufacturing of electronic components like transistors. correct option is A) Doping
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of adding impurities to silicon to change its electrical properties is called doping. This deliberate introduction of impurities into a semiconductor material, such as silicon, alters its properties with respect to the transport of electrons or holes.
When impurity atoms like arsenic or aluminum, with different valence electrons than silicon, replace some silicon atoms in the crystal lattice, the semiconductor's electronic properties are significantly changed.
For example, adding donor impurities creates an n-type semiconductor with free electrons contributing to electrical conductivity. Conversely, adding acceptor impurities, such as aluminum which has one fewer valence electron than silicon, creates a p-type semiconductor where holes act as charge carriers and contribute to conductivity.
Semiconductor doping can introduce either donor impurities or acceptor impurities, transforming the material into an n-type or p-type semiconductor respectively. This is critical in creating components such as junction transistors and integrated circuits that are foundational to modern electronics.
correct option is A) Doping