Final Answer:
The condensed structural formulas for the given alkanes are as follows:
1. Propane: CH₃CH₂CH₃
2. Hexane: CH₃(CH₂)₄CH₃
3. Heptane: CH₃(CH₂)₅CH₃
4. Cyclopentane: (CH₂)₄
Step-by-step explanation:
Condensed structural formulas represent organic compounds in a simplified manner, with carbon atoms and their attached hydrogen atoms grouped together.
1. Propane (CH₃CH₂CH₃):
Propane is a three-carbon alkane. The condensed formula shows the continuous chain of carbon atoms, with each carbon having its maximum number of hydrogen atoms (satisfying the tetravalency of carbon).
2. Hexane (CH₃(CH₂)₄CH₃):
Hexane is a six-carbon alkane. The formula indicates a straight chain of six carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon. The (CH₂)₄ part signifies a repeated unit of methylene (-CH₂-) groups.
3. Heptane (CH₃(CH₂)₅CH₃):
Heptane consists of a seven-carbon chain. The formula displays a continuous sequence of carbon atoms with associated hydrogen atoms, and the (CH₂)₅ denotes a repeated unit of five methylene groups.
4. Cyclopentane ((CH₂)₄):
Cyclopentane is a cyclic alkane with five carbon atoms forming a closed ring. The formula (CH₂)₄ signifies a closed loop of four methylene groups in this case.
Understanding condensed structural formulas aids in quickly representing the structure of organic compounds, facilitating the study of their properties and reactions.