Final answer:
The medium shift in protein production allows for proteins to include noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs), expanding the chemical diversity of proteins. This method can manipulate the genetic code to encode these special amino acids that aren't normally found in natural protein sequences.
Step-by-step explanation:
The medium shift in the production of proteins enables the production of proteins containing noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs). This process involves methods such as proteome-wide replacement of canonical amino acids by ncAAs, NCAA insertion through the suppression of nonsense codons, and NCAA encoding through specialized pathways.
Process of Protein Production
Transcription.
Traveling of mRNA out of the nucleus.
tRNA binding to mRNA.
Folding of the polypeptide.
DNA and mRNA have different sequences due to the presence of uracil in mRNA instead of thymine, and the processing of mRNA which includes splicing out introns. Using cDNA for understanding an organism's proteins can be useful as it represents the exact transcripts that are translated into proteins, bypassing noncoding regions and introns present in whole-genome sequencing.
Proteins are made on organelles called ribosomes and mutations in the DNA sequence can lead to changes in the amino acid sequence of proteins, altering their function.