Final answer:
The term for bacteria with a single polar flagellum at one end is monotrichous. This flagellar arrangement aids in bacterial motility, exemplified by bacteria like Vibrio cholerae.
Step-by-step explanation:
Bacteria exhibit a variety of flagellar arrangements which are key to their motility and adaptation to environments. The correct term for bacteria that have a single polar flagellum at one end is monotrichous. This singular flagellum enables the bacterium to move towards attractants or away from repellents in its environment through processes like chemotaxis. Vibrio cholerae, the pathogen causing cholera, is an example of a gram-negative bacterium with a monotrichous flagellum. Other flagellar arrangements include amphitrichous, with flagella at both ends; lophotrichous, with a tuft of flagella at one end; and peritrichous, with flagella spread over the entire bacterial cell surface. Each arrangement allows the bacterium to propel and navigate differently within its habitat, showing a fascinating aspect of microbial adaptability.