Final answer:
The correct answer to the question is c) Ethnographic observation. Ethnographic observation enables more exact descriptions of ongoing behaviors without explaining them.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ethnographic observation enables more exact descriptions of ongoing behaviors without explaining them. It involves the sociologist immersing themselves in the culture they are studying and observing the behavior and interactions of the people without necessarily providing an explanation for their actions. This method allows for a rich and detailed understanding of the culture and behavior being observed, but it does not provide an explanation or interpretation of the observed behaviors.
Unlike sociological theory, which aims to explain patterns and causal relationships within society, ethnographic observation focuses on detailed descriptions of social interactions and practices as they occur naturally, without imposing explanations or hypotheses. This method is advantageous for collecting nuanced, in-depth information on human behavior in its natural context.