Final answer:
The inner parts of the continent have extreme climate due to factors like the rain shadow effect, influence of ocean currents, and the size of continents.
Step-by-step explanation:
The inner parts of the continent have extreme climate due to a combination of factors such as their distance from the equator, the presence of mountains, and the influence of ocean currents. One factor that contributes to extreme climate is the rain shadow effect, where mountains block moisture and create dry conditions on the leeward side. For example, in the Western Highlands of the Congo, mountain ranges create a rain shadow effect that reduces moisture.
Another factor is the influence of ocean currents. In Africa, the coastal areas around the Mediterranean Sea and the Arctic Sea have more moderate climates due to the influence of ocean currents that bring warmer temperatures. However, the inland areas, away from the moderating influence of the ocean, experience more extreme climates.
Furthermore, the size of continents can affect global precipitation and climate patterns. Larger continents tend to have more extreme climates, as their size affects ocean and atmospheric circulation, leading to variations in temperature and weather patterns.