Final answer:
The term 'ideology' is derived from 'idea'. It encompasses a set of beliefs and values shaping political perspectives and social orders, and can become a hegemonic force within a society. Option c is the answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term "ideology" is derived from the word "idea", which refers to a set of beliefs, values, and opinions that influences the way a person or group thinks, acts, and views the world. Ideologies often shape political perspectives, determining answers to questions about government function, justice, economics, the role of religion in governance, and social status among genders. Throughout history, particularly noticeable in 19th century Europe, ideologies such as conservatism, nationalism, liberalism, and socialism have played crucial roles in shaping societies.
Every society develops a set of dominant ideas known as an ideology, which becomes a narrative framing their social order as ideal. Sometimes an ideology can become so pervasive within society that it turns into a hegemony, essentially a strategic set of 'common sense' ideas that support the social order and can both directly and indirectly influence individuals' perceptions and interactions within a culture.