Final answer:
The concept illustrated by the removal of air from a cylinder by a vacuum pump is Boyle's Law, which defines the inverse relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature.
The correct option is; (b) Boyle's Law
Step-by-step explanation:
The amount of air present in a cylinder when a vacuum pump removes 1/4 of the air remaining at any given time is an example of Boyle's Law.
Boyle's Law states that at a constant temperature, the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume. This means that if you decrease the volume of a gas (by removing some of the air in the case of the vacuum pump), the pressure in the cylinder will increase, assuming the temperature remains constant.
When the volume increases, conversely, the pressure decreases.
Boyle's Law is essential in understanding how gases behave under different volumes and pressures, and it is widely applicable in various fields, including engineering and medicine, such as in the functioning of the human lungs during breathing.